Genes Involved in Crohn's Disease
Researchers have identified that mutations are involved within the genetics related Crohn's disease, especially on Chromosomes 5 and 10. These genes are identified below:
ATG16L1 Gene
The ATG16L1 gene codes the instructions for a protein needed for the process known as autophagy, which plays a large role in apoptosis (controlled cell death). Autophagy also contributes to the immune system by destroying harmful germs and bacteria.
NOD2 Gene
The most common gene mutation to cause Crohn's is a mutation in the NOD2 gene. It codes the instructions for a protein that is necessary to the immune system.The protein is critical in defending the body against foreign invaders. The protein also activates a protein complex which controls the functions of many more genes. It also plays an important role in autophagy.
IL23R Gene
The IL23R gene codes the instructions for a protein that contributes to our immune system, including T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells.
IRGM Gene
The IRGM gene codes information for the protein that plays an important role in triggering the process of autophagy.
AMPs are antimicrobal peptides
All of these genes contribute to the regulation of gut bacteria. When mutated, these genes can cause the over regulation, meaning they attack healthy gut bacteria, or no regulation of gut bacteria which leads to healthy and unhealthy bacteria to grow in numbers, which then causes an immune reaction.